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北京时间10月5日下午5点34分许，2020年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖揭晓。血源性肝炎会导致罹患肝硬化和肝癌，今年的诺贝尔奖被授予为对抗血源性肝炎做出决定性贡献的三位科学家，分别是美国和英国科学家Harvey J.Alter、Michael Houghton、Charles M Rice，以表彰他们“发现丙型肝炎病毒”。

在甲型肝炎和乙型肝炎病毒的发现后虽然可以解释一些传染性肝炎发生的原因，但大多数血源性肝炎病例仍然无法解释。丙型肝炎病毒的发现揭示了其余慢性肝炎病例的原因，从而丙型肝炎可以被治愈，该发现使验血和新药物成为可能，挽救了数百万人的生命。The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2020 was awarded jointly to Harvey J. Alter, Michael Houghton and Charles M. Rice "for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus."

2019年，William G. Kaelin Jr，Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe和Gregg L. Semenza获得2019年度诺贝尔诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，以表彰他们“发现了细胞如何感知以及对氧气供应的适应性”。The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2019 was awarded jointly to William G. Kaelin Jr, Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe and Gregg L. Semenza "for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability."。

2018年，美国得州大学奥斯汀分校免疫学家James P. Allision和日本京都大学教授Tasuku Honjo获奖，以表彰他们“发现了抑制负面免疫调节的癌症疗法”。The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2018 was awarded jointly to James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo "for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation."

2017年，美国科学家Jeffrey C. Hall、Michael Rosbash和Michael W. Young，获奖成果为“发现了生物钟调控的分子机制”。The 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was award to Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash and Michael W. Young " for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm".

2016年，日本科学家Yoshinori Ohsumi获奖，获奖成果为“发现了细胞自噬机制。The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2016 was awarded to Yoshinori Ohsumi "for his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy".

2015年，我国科学家Youyou Tu、爱尔兰科学家William C. Campbell和日本科学家Satoshi ōmura获奖，获奖成果是“疟疾新疗法的发现”及“蛔虫寄生虫感染新疗法的发现”。The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2015 was divided, one half jointly to William C. Campbell and Satoshi ōmura "for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites" and the other half to Youyou Tu "for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria".

2014年，美国科学家John O'Keefe、May-Britt Moser和挪威科学家Edvard I. Moser获奖，获奖理由是“发现构成大脑定位系统的细胞”。The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014 was divided, one half awarded to John O'Keefe, the other half jointly to May-Britt Moser and Edvard I. Moser "for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain".

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